Rich material was received in ...

Rich material was obtained during the Second World War, both during the hostilities, and on observations of survivors of torture and imprisonment in concentration camps, as well as survivors of the atomic bombing of Japanese cities. In the postwar years, the material of observation became more frequent disasters and stressful events in peacetime. So form an idea not only of acute stress reactions, but also on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social stress disorder (SSR), transient situational disturbances and poor adaptation of pathological reactions to the fact that in everyday life is called a personal misfortune. Epidemiology of common disorders naturally varies depending on the frequency of disasters and traumatic situations. Syndrome develops in 50 80% suffered severe stress. Morbidity is directly dependent on the intensity of stress. Cases of PTSD in time of peace are in the population of 0,5% for men and 1.2% for women. Similar traumatic situations adult women are described as more painful than men, but among children boys are more sensitive with respect to similar stressors than girls. Adjustment disorder are fairly common, they constitute 1.1 2.6 cases per 1000 population with a tendency for greater representation in low-income population. They make up about 5% of serviced psychiatric institutions; occur at any age, but most often in children and adolescents. Etiology Etiopathogenesis disorder is determined by several factors: the intensity of stress, social situation, in which he acts, personality traits of the victim and her biological vulnerability. Social support plays a big role in the prevention of stress reactions. Long been observed that poslestressovaya morbidity is inversely proportional to morale in the unit. Consciousness, which is the same pain is shared by other people, helps him easier to carry, while at the same time a sense of survivor guilt when others died, can significantly complicate the picture of PTSD. Vulnerability to stress is greatest in the youngest and oldest age group. After severe burns PTSD develops in 80% of children and only 30% of adults. This is due to aborted coping mechanisms in childhood. Vulnerability in the older age group due to excessive rigidity kopingmehanizmov, which hinders flexibility in overcoming the effects of trauma, as well as age-related decline of functioning of the nervous and cardiovascular systems. At any age, predisposing factor is the physical exhaustion. Vulnerability to the disorder increases and premorbid family history psihotravmami. PTSD may have an organic conditioning. Violations of the EEG in these patients shows similarities with those in endogenous depression. Alfanoradrenergichesky agonist clonidine, used for removal of opiate withdrawal, is successful in relieving some symptoms of PTSD.