Saint-Petersburg)

St. Petersburg)

Keywords: nutrition, clinical nutrition, enteral nutrition, psychiatry, beta-kazomorfin, anorexia nervosa, schizophrenia, autism, epilepsy, ketogenic diet, artificial feeding, infant nutrition, psycho-pharmacotherapy, treatment mentally ill, the quality of life, nutritiology, diet.

The main task of Medicine, along with improving the health of society, increasingly becomes a struggle to improve the quality of life [1-4]. Nutritional status, according to modern views, is one of the leading factors that could significantly change not only the health indicators, but also the quality of life [5-7]. An international conference of doctors on health and aging ("Surgeon General's Workshop on Health Promotion and Aging"), held in 1988 in the U.S., concluded that "proper nutrition is a prerequisite for achieving high quality of life, and the food is contributing to the quality of life through psychological, social, as well as through physical mechanisms [8]. Health issues, quality of life and associated power in psychiatry is not less relevant than in somatic medicine. One of the main factors that lead to highlight the problem of power in psychiatry, is above all, duration of most mental illnesses. Repeated hospitalization of mentally ill and especially treatment of psychiatric hospitals for long isolated from many patients, the usual way of life and change the stereotype of their food. This imposes on the medical staff of psychiatric hospitals a special responsibility to restore not only the normal mental health, but an adequate nutritional status of patients. According to foreign authors from 25 - 90% of patients hospitalized at hospitals in various fields, there is the risk of malnutrition [9], about 50% suffer from protein-energy malnutrition [10]. Quite often (up to 30% in A. Asplaud, 1981) in psychiatric patients are observed conditions that may be characterized by "fast" [5]. Malnutrition patients who are hospitalized, are now assumed such proportions that was submitted as a subject of special discussion on the Council of Europe ("Power in a hospital setting: the interaction in order to prevent malnutrition. European Forum." Strasbourg, Council of Europe, November 21-22, 2001).. In addition to long-term stays in psychiatric hospitals, are pathogenetically important in the sense of eating disorders is often itself a mental illness with its specific manifestations. Most vividly expressed in connection with violations of psychopathological phenomena of nutritional status in specific disorders - anorexia nervosa and bulimia, which are now rightly recognized the competence of psychiatrists. Both of these types of mental pathology entail many clinical implications, including metabolic, renal, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, endocrine, neurological, hematological, immunologic, dental and dermatological disorders [11].