Also, were found a variety of side effects and complications, especially kidney, sometimes resulting in long-term continuous reception of lithium salts. These circumstances have resulted in the early '80s to a specific revision of the indications for prophylactic use of lithium and stimulated the search for alternative drugs with similar normotimicheskoy activity. In recent years, and timostabiliziruyuschy antimaniakalny effects were found in the new anticonvulsants (lamotrigine, topiramate, gabapentin, Tiagabine, vigabatrin), atypical antipsychotics (risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole), calcium channel blockers verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem. In prophylactic calcium channel blockers are used mainly for failure or intolerance to other drugs normotimicheskih. With regard to tranquilizers or sleeping pills, here the most unpleasant thing, apparently, is the development of addiction and the formation of drug dependence. In this regard, the Conciliation Commission, WHO (1996) does not recommend benzodiazepine drugs continuously for more than 23 weeks. Benzodiazepine derivatives are not deprived of the phenomenon of behavioral toxicity and mnestic violations. Several new drugs with nebenzodiazepinovym mechanism of action seems to be devoid of these properties. Renewed interest in the some of the older tranquilizers, such as antigistaminovomu drug hydroxyzine. Significant progress in the treatment of panic attacks and phobic disorders has made use of powerful new benzodiazepine derivatives alprazolama and clonazepam. Among hypnotics drugs appeared nebenzodiazepinovoy structure of zopiclone and zolpidem, minimally alter the basic neurophysiological characteristics of sleep (Table 3) and more rarely cause addiction phenomenon. In recent years there has been a new surge of interest in the development of tools with nootropic activity (neurometabolic stimulants). Here also is an increase in the clinical differentiation of products (antiastenichesky, nootropic, mnemotropny, vazovegetativny, adaptogenic and other effects). Had the tools with distinct psychoactive (Fenotropil, atsefen, bifemelan) timoanalepticheskoy (Sadenozilmetionin, meklofenoksat, etc.), adaptogenic (synthetic tiroliberiny) or tranquilizing (phenibut, meksidol, dipeptides pirrolidinkarbonovyh acids, etc.) activity. Past without much risk can be used in patients with seizure disorders, with sleep disorders and various anxiety syndromes. Thus, despite the current lack of an ideal of psychotropic drugs, and some pessimistic assessment of the prospects of pharmacotherapy, as well as a number of negative trends (such as an increase in the number of cases of therapeutic resistance, development of the phenomena of habituation and side effects) psychopharmacotherapy today remains the main method of treatment of mental disorders and continues to develop rapidly.
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