These drugs for a long time belonged ...

These drugs for a long time are among the most frequently prescribed drugs. However, along with the undoubted clinical effect when these drugs are having problems of their portability and the development of unwanted side effects, drug dependence, effects on cognitive function. All this led to some reduction in the excess destination транквилизаторовгипнотиков and limitation of their application. In appointing the benzodiazepine group of drugs to consider their adverse effects, among which are the main ones are: muscle relaxation morning sleepiness, lethargy, cognitive impairment (concentration, memory) the emergence of dependence. Muscle relaxant effect on the development of discoordination the movements can become one of the factors of falls, especially in elderly and senile patients with severe consequences (fractures, bruises, burns). Daytime sedation violates the efficiency and particularly undesirable in certain professions that require concentration. In order to correct interpretation of the so-called dependence by dependence should understand the need for increasing doses of the drug. Fig. 1. Algorithm for management of patients with sleep disorders Development and application of the third generation of hypnotics (zopiclone, zolpidem) allowed to minimize and avoid adverse effects. Drugs in this group, unlike benzodiazepines, different selectivity to the primary substrate-target. The biological substrate of a subtype of the benzodiazepine receptor, which, according to modern concepts, are responsible for offensive hypnotic effect. Many of tranquilizers (diazepam) is not related to транквилизаторамгипнотикам, but having protivotrevozhnym action, relieve internal tension and facilitate the process of falling asleep, which is used when assigning them to treat sleep disorders. Benzodiazepine tranquilizers with soporific effect appointed on the basis of the drug affect the ability of the different phases of sleep, depression or increase its duration. Thus, drugs phenazepam, lorazepam effect on sleep process, deepen sleep, reduce the number of awakening. On the other hand, drugs such as nitrozepam, lengthen sleep at night, eliminating early wake-up preparation of the third generation hypnotic zopiclone (Relakson) retains the structure of sleep, bringing it closer to the physiological. The drug has a short half-life, which minimizes the appearance of morning sleepiness, weakness. The only contraindication to the appointment of zopiclone are pregnancy and lactation. When choosing drug should take into account its pharmacokinetics, in particular, the half-life, absorption rate, the presence of active metabolites. Most have short half-life drugs are the third generation (zopiclone, zolpidem), up to 5 hours. The half-life benzodiazepines are much higher. Preferable to use benzodiazepines with short half-life (midazolam, triazolam) in order to minimize the feeling of drowsiness, lethargy the next day.