Psychotherapeutic techniques ...

Psychotherapeutic techniques used in the treatment of somatic diseases 1. Methods of using biofeedback. As is evident from the title of this group of methods, they are based on the use of negative feedback. The essence of it that are inaccessible under normal conditions any regulation of body functions can be controlled by using special instruments that inform the patient about the condition of various organs and systems. Information for this may relate to temperature and electrical conductivity of skin, muscle tension forces, blood pressure, heart rate, the electric activity of the brain. Through biofeedback the patient learns the ability to regulate one or more of these parameters, thereby affecting the symptoms of the disease. For example, the ability to raise the temperature of your hands can be used to reduce the frequency of migraine attacks, tachycardia or angina. Hypothetical mechanism of action in this case - the reduction of sympathetic activity and voluntary regulation of vascular tone. During the procedure to the patient's body attached device measuring one or other physiological parameters and transforming the momentum in the audible or visible signal used by the patient in order to modify their physiological reactions. For example, in the treatment of bruxism device attached to electromyography masticatory muscle. The device emits a high pitched sound in the event that the muscle shortened, and low if it is relaxed. Thus, the patient learns to relax the masticatory muscles. Apart from the aforementioned states, the method used in the treatment of hypertension, Raynaud's syndrome, insomnia, spasms of the esophagus in post-stroke period (to restore lost functions), etc. 2. Hypnotherapy. The holding of sessions of hypnotherapy requires certain skills, but the corresponding technique can be mastered by any doctor. Session should be held only if there is a positive setting for this type of patient treatment. Before the beginning of the session appropriate to conduct tests on suggestibility. In the case of low suggestibility patient session can precede relaniuma small dose (5 mg) or fenazepama (0,5 - 1 mg), and then should proceed directly to the induction of hypnotic trance. Formula suggestion in this case should vary depending on the degree of hypnotizability patient and his personal characteristics. As a rule, suggestion is a soft, monotonous voice, the rhythm of breathing patient. Once the patient is immersed in the hypnotic sleep, there should be a suggestion, aimed at addressing a particular symptom. At a shallow depth of hypnotic trance to be avoided whenever possible suggestions too straight, because they are too fix the patient's attention on the symptom, which may lead to its strengthening. For example, a patient suffering from palpitations, you should not say: "My heart goes."