Physical therapy methods of relaxation ...

Therapy Physical methods of relaxation components: progressive muscle relaxation, bio-feedback. Mental components: training capacity of visual images (imagery), meditation, hypnosis. Psychotherapy of Education to change the misconceptions about sleep (for example, are: health requires a minimum of 8 hours of sleep per night). Sleep hygiene education correction of external factors affecting sleep: influence from outside (pets or snoring partner), the temperature in the bedroom, the fixation on the clock beside the bed, alcohol, nicotine or caffeine, lack of physical activity or activity just before bedtime. Many randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of methods of behavioral therapy for primary insomnia. In two large meta-analysis concluded that, compared with placebo, these methods lead to improvements in the initial sleep-onset latency and total sleep time (each figure, roughly, on average, 30 min.) And a decrease in the number and duration of awakenings . Approximately 50% of patients noted significant clinical improvement. Treatment usually combines several approaches. Although the data confirm the effectiveness of various individual components of therapy (with the possible exception of sleep hygiene education and psychotherapy, in itself), combined methods are more effective than individual techniques. The average recorded duration of follow-up after completion of behavioral therapy - six months, with persistent beneficial effects noted in most studies. In most studies, longitudinal behavioral psychotherapy by psychologists, an average of 6 lessons (total, 5.8 hours) per patient. Meta-analysis suggests that individual therapy is somewhat more effective than the group. Trainees in the field of psychology and psychiatry, public health nurses and consultants in the primary medicine successfully carry out this therapy for 4-6 sessions of 20-50 minutes. each. Successful results were also reported when therapy (consisting of 3-10 sessions) was conducted by doctors of primary practice, the last 3-hour training by a psychologist experienced in treating insomnia. Investigation of the reduced rate behavioral therapy conducted by junior clinical psychologists for 2 sessions lasting for 25 min. With a two-week break, showed a significant effect persisting for at least 3 months. Self-help through written materials or videotapes also proved to be effective. Pharmacological therapy class of drugs issued to treat insomnia prescription include benzodiazepines, benzodiazepine receptor agonists and antidepressants with sedative effects. Benzodiazepines approved Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating insomnia include drugs with long, intermediate and short half-life, while approved by agonists of benzodiazepine receptors - drugs with an intermediate, short or ultrashort half-life (a table).