If vindictive will improve ...

If vindictive will increase its strength to some critical proportion, then their chances to meet each other will be high enough to compensate for the futile effort of stripping the parasites with the Dodgers. On reaching this critical proportion vindictive will receive an average of greater gain than the Dodgers, who with increasing speed will move towards extinction. When the Dodgers have come close to extinction very close, this process is slow and may persist long enough in the population as menshinstvo. This is because each individual is rarely encountered Dodger likely to face twice with the same vindictive very small, and therefore share in the population of individuals who harbor for each of the Dodger, will be small. "Sheet 5 The book Dawkins' selection scheme for reciprocal altruism does not account for at least one important element - the degree of genetic relatedness "reciprocal altruists." If the benefit recipient (ie the ratio N) is greater than 1 / r, then such "reciprocal altruism" will be formed and distributed in the selection process as akin to altruism. For example, if the benefit recipient (N) is greater than 2, then such vzaimoyvygodny altruistic exchanges will be distributed among the brothers, sisters, children, parents. Species, evading in this case from the victim's X, as a donor in favor of a relative of the recipient, will be less inclusive fitness, even while receiving NX, as the recipient. Assume individual in the population appeared attributable to their relatives, as holders of the degree of kinship is not r, and r + q. For example, referring to his close relatives who have factor gene. relatedness r = 0,5, as holders of the degree of relatedness r = 0,6 (ie the level of altruism, such individuals would be higher than this due to the coefficient of genetic relatedness). This individual will donate, as a donor in favor of close relatives is not the case when the victim is a relative X will benefit more than 2X (ie, when N> 2), but even when this benefit will be smaller (when N> 1,66). According to theory of kin-selection, approximately every other close relative (brother, sister) told her affection. Having, as a donor mX resource, such individual will receive 50% mNX resource exchange. To spread its genes in the population need to either N would be greater than 2 or the average family, return the feeling, would have been more than 50%. The increase in the value of N means a decrease in the benefits of possible mutually altruistic sharing of resources at the level of N> 1,66. (The greatest benefit, the greatest fitness would be a hypothetical population in which each her term would be maximum altruist, perceiving any other member of the population, "as yourself" as a brother - a twin, having r = 1). If the individual is an altruist, will be able to some, albeit very marginally, to distinguish carrier genes altruism "of the carrier gene selfishness" in the future to a greater degree of communication, rendering altruistic service to the carriers 'altruism gene', then the total number of meetings with individuals, return the feeling will be more than 50%.